Author
Yena May F. Fatiga*
Filamer Christian Univesity, Inc., Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the levels of proficiency in punctuation, spelling, and capitalization, as well as the writing proficiency in phrases and sentences among Grade 2 pupils of Sta. Cruz Elementary School, Dumalag, Capiz, during the School Year 2025–2026. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving thirty-seven (37) pupils from two sections selected through complete enumeration. Data were gathered using researcher-developed tests consisting of twenty (20) items for each variable, which underwent validation and pilot testing. The data were analyzed using frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson r) at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that the pupils demonstrated proficient levels of skills in punctuation (M = 13.59, SD = 2.29), spelling (M = 13.38, SD = 2.70), and capitalization (M = 12.89, SD = 2.56). Similarly, they exhibited proficient levels of writing ability in phrases (M = 12.78, SD = 2.21) and sentences (M = 13.16, SD = 2.33). Significant positive correlations were found between punctuation and spelling (r = 0.398, p = 0.015), punctuation and sentence writing (r = 0.482, p = 0.003), and spelling and sentence writing (r = 0.423, p = 0.009). Meanwhile, no significant relationships were observed among the remaining pairs of variables, particularly those involving capitalization and proficiency in phrase and sentence writing. These findings suggest that although the pupils generally demonstrated proficient language skills, the relationships between writing mechanics and their ability to construct phrases and sentences varied. Therefore, the study recommends the continued implementation of systematic, integrative, and developmentally appropriate teaching strategies, complemented by regular practice and guidance from teachers and parents, to further enhance pupils’ language skills and writing proficiency.
Keywords: Punctuation skills, spelling and capitalization skills, phrase and sentence writing proficiency.
*Corresponding author / Email: yenafatiga@gmail.com
DOI: http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS05041653
Recommended citation:
Fatiga, Y. M. F. (2026). Skills in punctuation, spelling, capitalization, and proficiency in writing phrases and sentences among Grade 2 students. Pantao (International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences) 5 (4), 1176-1200. http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS05041653
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