Author

Anthony U. Villar*
Capiz State University – Main Campus, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines

Abstract

Fishing communities in Capiz continue to face challenges, including unstable income, limited educational opportunities, and social vulnerability. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a government intervention that aims to improve living conditions through social assistance and human capital development. This mixed-method study used survey-based correlational analyses and in-depth interviews to examine the role of the 4Ps in enhancing social empowerment, educational outcomes, economic resilience, and family welfare among beneficiaries in coastal communities. The study involved 348 participants and employed a four-part researcher-made and modified questionnaire. Frequency, percentage, mean, and Pearson’s r were used to analyze the data at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that most respondents were 20–30 years old (48%) and predominantly male (57%). Fathers (30%) and grandfathers (28%) were commonly identified as household heads. Most households earned below ₱10,000 monthly (88%) and had six or more family members (39%). Nearly half of the respondents (49%) had been beneficiaries for 1–2 years. In terms of education, 49% reported having one child who graduated from college, while 48% had none. Most households had one child currently attending school (79%). Economic activities mainly included selling fish in local markets (60%) and small-scale fishing (40%). The findings revealed high levels of social empowerment, educational outcomes, economic resilience, and family welfare among beneficiaries. However, statistical analysis showed no significant relationships among these variables.

Keywords: Social empowerment, educational outcome, economic resilience, economic welfare, and pantawid pamilyang pilipino program (4Ps).

*Corresponding author / Email: anthony.villar002@deped.gov.ph
DOI: http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS05021194

Recommended citation:
Villar, A. U. (2026). Tides of change: Role of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the social empowerment, educational outcomes, economic resilience, and family welfare in fishing communities in Capiz. Pantao (International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences) 5 (2), 4955-4978. http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS05021194

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