ISSN 3028-0877 | e-ISSN 3155-6043


> About
> Editorial Board
> Guidelines for Authors

> Peer Review Policy
> Volumes and Issues
> Open Access

PANTAO, an International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, with ISSN 3028-0877 | e-ISSN 3155-6043, is an annual journal that serves as a scholarly platform dedicated to the exploration and dissemination of research in the disciplines of humanities and social sciences.

> Licensing Terms and Conditions
>
Copyright Policy


Latest Articles

Reann G. Caoile (Author)

Abstract

This study assessed the business skills and performance of Grade 12 ABM students in San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija, focusing on competencies in financial planning, financial analysis, decision-making, financial instruments, and budgeting, and examining their relationship to academic performance. Using the descriptive method of research, data were collected from 105 respondents composed of twenty-eight teachers and seventy-seven Grade 12 ABM learners from Magpapalayok National High School, Mallorca National High School, and San Anton National High School. A survey questionnaire with a 5-point Likert-type scale was administered, and the data were analyzed through percentage, weighted mean, t-test, and Pearson correlation. Findings revealed that the overall assessment of learners’ business skills was moderate, with a composite mean of 3.55. Statistical analysis showed significance as the computed t-value of 3.8203 exceeded the critical value, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Learners’ academic performance was rated Very Satisfactory in school year 2021–2022 with a mean of 85.33 but dropped to Satisfactory in school year 2022–2023 with a mean of 83.33. The computed t-value of 7.2327 confirmed a significant difference between the two school years, emphasizing the close connection between business skills and academic performance. In light of these findings, a finance learning activity plan was developed to address gaps and enhance students’ competencies in the identified skill domains. This plan offers structured objectives, strategies, and activities aimed at bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, equipping ABM learners for higher education, entrepreneurship, and future careers.

Keywords: business skills, academic performance, ABM strand

DOI: http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS0403477

Recommended citation:

Caoile, R. G. (2025). Business skills and performance of Grade 12 ABM students in San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija: Basis for finance learning activity plan. Pantao (The International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences) 4 (3), 5135-5141. http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS0403477

Read the full text

References

Acar, I. H., Ahmetoglu, E., & Ozturk, M. A. (2022). Parental involvement and children’s peer interactions. Current Psychology, 41(7), 4447–4456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00965-0

Amelia, N. A., Suryadi, D., & Putra, I. G. N. E. (2019). Individualized assessment strategies for students with special needs: Developing inclusive education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 24(5), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1612145

Avramidis, E., & Panayiotou, T. (2023). Parental engagement in inclusive education: Overcoming barriers and enhancing collaboration. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 27(4), 523–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2023.1817261

Chaudhary, S., Shahid, S., & Bashir, M. (2022). The important role of inclusive education for the social interaction of children with special needs. Journal of Education and Practice, 13(4), 45–60. https://jurnal.iicet.org/index.php/j-edu/article/download/5447/2614

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Dayso, A. L., Dulionan, M. O., Labo, V. S., Lassin, R. D., Mangsi, L. W., & Nucaza, J. M. (2025). Challenges and practices of education teachers on inclusive education. Cognizance Journal, 5(1), 147–156. https://tinyurl.com/4jc77hzj

Department of Education. (2018). DepEd order on inclusive education. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/DO_s2009_72.pdf

Department of Education. (2025, May 9). DM 043, s. 2025 – Dissemination of the IRR of RA No. 11650, otherwise known as instituting a policy of inclusion and services for learners with disabilities in support of Inclusive Education Act. https://tinyurl.com/36p3hj2d

Dube, B., & Mutenheri, D. (2023). Addressing knowledge gaps in inclusive education: The role of professional development for educators and parents. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 27(3), 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2022.2112341

Florian, L., & Spratt, J. (2020). Enacting inclusion: A framework for teacher preparation and professional learning. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(3), 335–350. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1728202

Jardinez, M. J., & Natividad, L. R. (2024). The advantages and challenges of inclusive education: Striving for equity in the classroom. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 12(2), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v12i2.6789

Kilag, O. K., Torres, J. L., Mira, J. P., Ramas, G. P., & Peranco, R. E. (2025). The state of special education in the Philippines: Challenges and opportunities for inclusive practices. International Multidisciplinary Journal of Research for Innovation, Sustainability, and Excellence, 2(2), 116–122. https://risejournals.org/index.php/imjrise/article/view/955

Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2020). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership revisited. School Leadership & Management, 40(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1596077

Loreman, T., Deppeler, J., & Harvey, D. (2022). Inclusive education: A practical guide to supporting diversity in the classroom (3rd ed.). Routledge.

Mendoza, L. E., & Heymann, J. C. (2024). The role of transformational leadership in inclusive education: Supporting teachers and school climate. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 28(2), 234–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2022.2234567

Muega, M. A. G. (2016). Inclusive education in the Philippines: Through the eyes of teachers, administrators, and parents of children with special needs. Social Science Diliman, 12(1), 5–28.

Nunez, L. P., & Rosales, L. M. (2023). Teachers’ training level and readiness in implementing inclusive education in the Philippines. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 27(6), 712–728. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2023.2199884

Paul, T., Di Rezze, B., Rosenbaum, P., Cahill, P., Jiang, A., Kim, E., & Campbell, W. (2022). Perspectives of children and youth with disabilities and special needs regarding their experiences in inclusive education: A meta-aggregative review. Frontiers in Education, 7, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.907742

Peregil-Lubaton, M. A. (2024). Teacher training and policy implementation gaps in Philippine inclusive education. Cognizance Journal, 5(1), 45–60. https://cognizancejournal.com/vol5issue1/V5I112.pdf

Schuelka, M. J., et al. (2025). Bridging the divide between designing and implementing inclusion policies in the Philippines. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5186085

Sharma, U., Loreman, T., & Forlin, C. (2021). Teacher efficacy and inclusive education practices: A review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 97, 103243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103243

UNESCO. (2021). Inclusive education: Guidance for policymakers and stakeholders. UNESCO Publishing.

World Bank. (2025). Inclusive education: Principles and approaches. World Bank Education Brief. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1800-3

Published in

Discover more from Pantao (The International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences)

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Continue reading