Jaime F. Cabrera Jr. (Author)
Abstract
This study examines the motivations and decision-making processes behind underground highgrading at Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company (LCMCo) in Mankayan, Benguet. Highgrading, the unauthorized extraction of high-value ore, undermines the financial stability of mining operations and compromises security. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research surveys miners to assess personal, psychological, social, economic, and workplace factors that influence highgrading behavior. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions provide additional insights into miners’ experiences and justifications for engaging in highgrading. The findings reveal that financial need and the perceived low risk of detection are key motivators, with a significant relationship between psychological motivations and social pressure. Weak enforcement and workplace culture were also identified as significant factors enabling highgrading. By integrating criminological theories such as Routine Activity Theory, Rational Choice Theory, and Social Exchange Theory, this study offers a comprehensive understanding of highgrading behavior. The research provides actionable recommendations to improve security measures, enhance enforcement, and cultivate a culture of integrity within mining operations. By linking individual behavior with systemic issues in the mining sector, the study contributes to both criminological theory and practical solutions for addressing highgrading. This research is relevant not only for LCMCo but also for the broader mining sector, offering valuable insights for policymakers, mining companies, and security professionals seeking to mitigate highgrading and enhance operational integrity.
Keywords: underground highgrading, mining industry, motivations for highgrading, security measures, policy development
DOI: http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS0403429
Recommended citation:
Cabrera, J. F., Jr. (2025). Greed and Gold: Understanding the motivations and decision-making behind underground highgrading in a Mining Company in Mankayan, Benguet. Pantao (The International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences) 4 (3), 4615-4626. http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS0403429
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