Author

Mary Louise E. Lopez*
Filamer Christian University, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines

Abstract

By comparing a control group and an experimental group utilizing pretest and posttest data, this study examined the impact of a structured warm-up intervention on the sprint performance of the participants. Following the testing period, both groups’ sprint performance improved. The average sprint time for the control group dropped from 12.58 seconds in the pretest to 12.42 seconds in the posttest, indicating a minor improvement. Since they just followed their usual warm-up routine, this slight change may be attributed to improved familiarity with the sprint test, regular physical exercise, or natural physical growth. However, the sprint performance of the experimental group improved more. After engaging in a structured warm-up program that included dynamic exercises, static stretching, and sprint drills, with gradually increasing duration each week, their average sprint time dropped from 12.09 seconds in the pretest to 11.09 seconds in the posttest. The findings imply that the organized warm-up enhanced muscle preparation, increased sprinting readiness, and improved movement efficiency. Additionally, the study showed that there was not a significant difference between the experimental and control groups on the pretest, suggesting that both groups began with comparable sprinting abilities. The posttest findings, however, showed a substantial difference, with the experimental group outperforming the control group. These results imply that an organized and systematic warm-up program can result in higher increases in sprint performance, even though normal warm-up practices may only provide slight improvements. Thus, putting in place a well-planned warm-up program could help improve the student’s speed and general physical preparedness.

Keywords: Structured warm-up intervention, sprint performance improvement, pretest–posttest experimental design.

*Corresponding author / Email: marylouise.lopez@filamer.edu.ph
DOI: http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS05021249

Recommended citation:
Lopez, M. L. E. (2026). Effect of warm-up program design and duration on sprint performance among senior high school students. Pantao (International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences) 5 (2), 5903-5915. http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS05021249

Read the full text

References

Aida Al-Awamleh. (2010). The effectiveness of using educational gymnastics skills on motor capabilities and social behaviour among kindergarten children. Tesis Kedoktoran, Universiti Konstanz, Jerman.

Adam, C., Klissouras, V., Ravazollo, M., Renson, R., & Tuxworth, W. (1988). Eurofit: European test of physical fitness. Council of Europe, Committee for the Development of Sport.

Alikhajeh, Y. (2012). The effect of different warm-up protocols on young soccer players’ explosive power. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 2742–2746.

Alter, M. J. (1988). Science of stretching. Human Kinetics.

Amiri-Khorasani, M., Sahebozamani, M., Tabrizi, K. G., & Yusof, A. B. (2010). Acute effect of different stretching methods on Illinois agility test in soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2698–2704. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bf049c

Aydın, Y., Kafkas, A., Çınarlı, F. S., Eken, Ö., Kurt, C., & Kafkas, M. E. (2019). Acute effects of different stretching exercise protocols on some anaerobic motoric tests. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 54(2), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjsm.2019.121

Behm, D. G., Bambury, A., Cahill, F., & Power, K. (2004). Effect of acute static stretching on force, balance, reaction time, and movement time. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36, 1397–1402.

Bishop, D., & Middleton, G. (2013). Effects of static stretching following a dynamic warm-up on speed, agility and power. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 8(2), 391–400.

Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100, 126–131.

Chan, S. P., Hong, Y., & Robinson, P. D. (2001). Flexibility and passive resistance of the hamstrings of young adults using two different static stretching protocols. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 11(2), 81–86.

Chua Yan Piaw. (2009). Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan buku 1: Kaedah penyelidikan. McGraw-Hill.

Davis, D. S., Ashby, P. E., McCale, K. L., McQuain, J. A., & Wine, J. M. (2005). The effectiveness of three stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility using consistent stretching parameters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), 27–32.

Faigenbaum, A. D., Kang, J., McFarland, J., Bloom, J. M., Magnatta, J., Ratamess, N. A., & Hoffman, J. R. (2006). Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on anaerobic performance in teenage athletes. Pediatric Exercise Science, 17, 64–75.

Fletcher, I. M. (2010). The effect of different dynamic stretch velocities on jump performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 109(3), 491–498.

Gelen, E., Dede, M., Bingul, B. M., Bulgan, C., & Aydin, M. (2012). Acute effects of static stretching, dynamic exercises, and high volume upper extremity plyometric activity on tennis serve performance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 11(4), 600–605.

Kramer, T., Huijgen, B. C., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., & Visscher, C. (2017). Prediction of tennis performance in junior elite tennis players. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 16(1), 14–21.

McMillian, D. J., Moore, J. H., Hatler, B. S., & Taylor, D. C. (2006). Dynamic versus static stretching warm up: The effect on power and agility performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(3), 492–499.

Okuno, N. M., Tricoli, V., Silva, S. B., Bertuzzi, R., Moreira, A., & Kiss, M. A. (2013). Post activation potentiation on repeated sprint ability in elite handball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(3), 662–668.

Rimmer, E., & Sleivert, G. (2000). Effects of a plyometrics intervention program on sprint performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14(3), 295–301.

Sale, D. G. (2002). Postactivation potentiation: Role in human performance. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 30(3), 138–143.

Withers, R. G., Roberts, D., & Davies, G. J. (1977). The maximum aerobic power, anaerobic power and body composition of South Australian male representatives in athletics, basketball, field hockey, and soccer. Journal of Sports Medicine.