Rachel Anne A. Bongolo (Author)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to utilize validated contextualized intervention material to enhance the pupils” reading performance guided by the Marungko Approach in Grade 2 Mango at Pigdaulan Elementary School. The study determined the level of reading performance of the learners before and after the utilization of the intervention materials as the basis for a localized intervention plan. In this study, a descriptive research method was employed. The pre-test results showed that participants were very proficient in letter level (70%), paragraph level (43.33%), and story reading (53.33%), while their proficiency in word level was evenly distributed among not proficient, proficient, and very proficient (33.33% each). However, they had low proficiency in reading comprehension (0%). Post-test results indicated improvements across all areas: letter level (99.33%) with very proficient, word level (46.67%) with very proficient, paragraph reading (76.67%), with very proficient, and story reading (76.67%) with very proficient, while reading comprehension is increasing to (6.67%) very proficient. Despite this, there was a noticeable improvement in overall reading performance after the intervention, affirming the effectiveness of contextualized intervention materials across various criteria, even though there was room for improvement in reading comprehension. The study acclaims the development of contextualized intervention material using the Marungko Approach, recognizing its substantial contribution to pupils’ reading progress.
Keywords: contextualized reading intervention materials, Marungko Approach, reading performance
DOI: http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS0403435
Recommended citation:
Bongolo, R. A. A. (2025). Enhancing the pupils’ reading performance using the contextualized intervention materials. Pantao (The International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences) 4 (3), 4682-4692. http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS0403435
Read the full text
References
Abdelhalim, S. F. (2017). Developing EFL students’ reading comprehension and reading engagement: Effects of a proposed instructional strategy. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 7(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0701.05
Abdullah, M. (2018). Reading speed and comprehension enhancement in hybrid learning delivery mode. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(3), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.3p.25
Adriani, V. (2021). A short story in English language teaching—Age of awareness. Medium. https://medium.com/age-of-awareness/a-short-story-in-English-language-teaching-df9ef4a92ac1
Alhabib, L. (2021). Jean Piaget’s constructivist theory of learning and its application in teaching. International Early Childhood Education. https://doran-ece.com/app/uploads/sites/2/2021/06/Jean-Piagets-Constructivist-Theory-of-Learning-and-Its-Application-in-Teaching-Doran-International-ECE.pdf
Alghonaim, A. S. (2020). Impact of related activities on reading comprehension of EFL students. English Language Teaching, 13(4), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n4p15
Bañez, R. M., & Urayan, M. T. (2019). Unpacking pupils’ reading ability: Examining the effect of Marungko Approach-based intervention program for non-reader pupils. International Journal of Recent Innovations in Academic Research, 3(2), 60–66.
Best, J. (2018). The five components of reading. 3P Learning. https://www.3plearning.com/blog/reading-proficiency-with-5-essential-components-of-literacy/
Boltron, M. T., & Ramos, A. L. (2021). Improving beginning reading literacy through Marungko Approach. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354067478
Buffo, S. S. (2015, January). The power of storytelling in the college classroom. Faculty Focus. http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/effective-teaching-strategies/power-storytelling-college-classroom/
Burke, A., & Grant, M. (2021, December 13). Reading intervention programs and strategies. Study.com. https://study.com/learn/lesson/reading-intervention-programs-strategies.html
Canlas, T. S. (2019). Functional literacy, education and mass media survey. Philippine Statistics Authority. https://psa.gov.ph/content/functional-literacy-education-and-mass-media-survey
Castles, A., Rastle, K., & Nation, K. (2018). Ending the reading wars: Reading acquisition from novice to expert. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 19(1), 5–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100618772271
Chamba, M. Y., & Avila, R. R. (2021). Word recognition and reading skills to improve reading comprehension. Focus on Teaching and Learning Journal, 6(1), 34–48. https://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/FTL/issue/view/720
Dorado, R. L., & Medina, B. (2022). Effectiveness of Hamon: Bawat Bata Bumabasa (3Bs Initiative) in improving reading proficiency of students. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358803137
Endo, A. (2022). Reading intervention strategies for struggling readers. HMH Blog. https://www.hmhco.com/blog/reading-intervention-strategies-for-struggling-readers
Esmer, B., & Günes, A. M. (2019). The usage of meaning identification technique in measuring reading comprehension skills. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 11(4), 413–420. https://www.iejee.com/index.php/IEJEE/article/view/687
Genelza, G. G., et al. (2023). Assessing the comprehension of the students in Philippine fable short stories: Basis for an intervention program. Journal of Language, Linguistics and Literature Studies, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.57040/jllls.v3i1.336
Glenberg, A. M. (2017). How reading comprehension is embodied and why that matters. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 4(1), 5–18. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1247943.pdf
Goldstein, D. (2022, March 8). It’s ‘alarming’: Children are severely behind in reading. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/08/us/pandemic-schools-reading-crisis.html
Guerrero, M., Barker, E., & Johnson, J. (2022). Measuring student reading comprehension performance: Considerations of accuracy, equity, and engagement by embedding comprehension items within reading passages. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 27(11). https://doi.org/10.7275/ch8r-tx33
Harmon, J., & Wood, K. (2018). The vocabulary–comprehension relationship across the disciplines: Implications for instruction. Education Sciences, 8(3), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8030101
Lumapenet, H. (2023). Marungko Approach: Its impact on pupils’ reading development. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371397230
Malco, J. (2018). The Philippine informal reading inventory manual 2018. Department of Education – Republic of the Philippines. https://www.academia.edu/37156256
Murray, M. (2021). Word recognition skills: One of two essential components of reading comprehension. Milne Publishing. https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/steps-to-success/chapter/3-word-recognition-skills-one-of-two-essential-components-of-reading-comprehension/
OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 results (Volume II): Where all students can succeed. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/b5fd1b8f-en
Piaget, J. (2001). Constructivism. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (Vol. 5, pp. 2603–2608). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02117-2
Risonar, M., et al. (2021). Story retelling (SR) technique in improving reading comprehension of sixth-graders. Philippine Journal of Education, 46(3), 201–215. https://doi.org/10.7
San Juan, R. (2019, December 4). DepEd welcomes PISA results, recognizes ‘gaps’ in education quality. PhilStar Global. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/12/04/1974229
Sanders, T. A., et al. (2019). Preschoolers’ alphabet learning: Cognitive, teaching sequence, and English proficiency influences. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 19(2), 165–184. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED592345.pdf
Sparks, S. (2021). Is the bottom falling out for readers who struggle the most? Education Week. https://epe.brightspotcdn.com/b0/e3/3f282b754af3ab0d5575a78e86c2/9-1-assessmentspotlight-sponsored.pdf
Vygotsky, L. S. (2012). Zone of proximal development. In R. A. Shweder, T. R. Bidell, A. C. Dailey, S. D. Dixon, P. J. Miller, & J. Modell (Eds.), The child: An encyclopedic companion (pp. 982–983). University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226674916.003.0043
Westwood, P. (2018). What teachers need to know about reading and writing difficulties (2nd ed.). ACER Press.
Wheeler, J. (2017). Stories in the language classroom: Integrating language skills. In A. Mok (Ed.), Task-based learning, language arts and the media: A resource book for secondary English teachers (pp. 35–48). INSTEP, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong.