Author

Chepeline A. Alcala*
Filamer Christian University Inc., Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines

Abstract

This study attempted to determine the relationship between the English Literacy and Vocabulary Size of Grade 1 Learners of Estancia Central Elementary School in the District of Estancia, Province of Iloilo during the School Year 2025-2026. The study utilized a descriptive–correlational research design. The sample consisted of 117 Grade 1 learners of Estancia Central Elementary School for the 2025-2026 school year, and, to obtain a balanced representation of all sections, random sampling was used. The instruments for the study consisted of two researcher-made tests instruments, an English Literacy Test with 25 items, and Vocabulary Size Test with 29 items, both of which were evidenced to be valid by an expert, and pilot tested for reliability. The study utilized the mean, standard deviation and Pearson r, for descriptive statistics, and for inferential statistics, a significance level was set at 0.5 alpha. The results of the study revealed that Grade 1 learners were high in their overall level of English Literacy and moderate in their vocabulary size. In English Literacy, they showed very strong performance in sound and letter identification, high ability in word recognition, and moderate skills in both phonemic awareness and reading comprehension. In vocabulary size, learners demonstrated moderate achievement across all components, including word meaning in context, word usage, and word relationships. Importantly, the findings also established a significant relationship between English Literacy and vocabulary size, underscoring their interdependence in early language development.

Keywords: English literacy, vocabulary size, grade 1 learners

*Corresponding author / Email Adress: chepeline.antic@deped.gov.ph
DOI: http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS05021099

Recommended citation:
Alcala, C. A. (2026). English literacy and vocabulary size of Grade 1 learners. Pantao (The International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences) 5 (2), 3360-3373. http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS05021099

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