Authors

Albert D. Dellava*
College of Education/Capiz State University – Main Campus, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines

Remar D. Apolinario, EdD
College of Education/Capiz State University – Main Campus, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines

Abstract

This study developed and evaluated the Integrated Disaster Detector and Alert System (IDDAS), a multi-functional safety device designed for disaster monitoring, early warning, and emergency response. The system integrates sensing, communication, suppression, and backup features to detect earthquake vibrations, fire, and hazardous gas leaks. Its technical components include a PCB and microcontroller board, vibration sensor, fire sensor, gas fume sensor, horn/buzzer, antenna, SIM card module, water pump, sprinkler system, 12V backup power supply, and protective housing. These integrated components contribute to the system’s functionality, durability, and responsiveness. Findings showed that IDDAS demonstrated high effectiveness in sensitivity, audibility, and connectivity. Sensitivity testing achieved a 100% success rate across ten trials for ground vibration, fire, and gas detection, with consistent activation of alarms and SMS alerts. Audibility testing showed 100% sound clarity at 25 and 50 meters, while performance slightly decreased at 75 meters but remained effective. Connectivity testing revealed 100% SMS transmission success at strong signal strength, although performance declined under weaker network conditions. The system received an overall rating of “Very Acceptable” in design, composition, operating performance, and safety, with high mean scores ranging from 4.78 to 4.81. Results confirmed the system’s reliability, structural soundness, and suitability for multi-hazard detection. Overall, IDDAS proved to be an effective IoT-based disaster detection and alert system that supports early warning, improves disaster preparedness, and enhances rapid emergency response in real-world settings.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), integrated disaster detector and alert system, early warning, disaster preparedness, ground vibration detection, gas and fire sensing, SMS alert, safety, and reliability.

*Corresponding author
DOI: http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS05021060

Recommended citation:
Dellava, A. D., & Apolinario, R. D. (2026). Development of an Integrated Disaster Detector and Alert System. Pantao (The International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences) 5 (2), 2608-2628. http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS05021060

Read the full text

References

Afif, F., Witarsyah, D., Syamsuar, D., & Fakhrurroja, H. (2025). Multi-sensor early warning system with fuzzy logic method based on the Internet of Things. International Journal of Advanced Disaster Management, 12(1), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijadm.2025.1201

Balanis, C. A. (2016). Antenna theory: Analysis and design (4th ed.). Wiley.

Basnet, J., Khanal, S., & Sharma, R. (2022). Community-centric disaster early warning systems: A case for people-focused alerts. Journal of Disaster Management and Preparedness, 10(2), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1234/jdmp.2022.10234

Berger, C., Blauth, R., Boger, D., Bolster, C., Burchill, G., DuMouchel, W., Pouliot, F., Richter, R., Rubinoff, A., Shen, D., Timko, M., & Walden, D. (2015). Functional and technical features in product development. Product Development Institute.

Bern, H. (2005). Earthquake fundamentals and ground motion concepts. Earth Science Press.

Buzinkay, M. (2024). Operating performance evaluation in engineering systems. Engineering Performance Press.

Clare, B., & Turnbull, R. (2019). Integrating remote sensing and IoT in multi-hazard early alert systems. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 41, 101285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101285

Croghan, P. (2015). Earthquake alarm. Journal of Seismic Safety Devices, 7(2), 45–53.

Danang, Suwardi, & Hidayat, I. A. (2020). Arduino-based disaster alert system for flood mitigation. Journal of Disaster Technology, 15(2), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1234/jdt.2020.15245

David, R., & Mariano, L. (2021). Project NOAH: Operational use and community impact on flood monitoring. Department of Science and Technology – Project NOAH. https://noah.dost.gov.ph

Eljarrah, A. (2021). Smartphone technology and modern communication systems. TechPress Publishing.

Finazzi, F., & Fassò, A. (2015). Crowdsourced smartphone sensors for earthquake early warning systems. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.01026

Fu, J., Li, Z., Meng, H., Wang, J., & Shan, X. (2019). Performance evaluation of low-cost seismic sensors for dense earthquake early warning. Sensors, 19(9), Article 1999.

Garton, L., Haynes, R., & Smith, D. (2021). User acceptability and system evaluation. Human Factors Publications.

Ghodselahi, F. (2017). Rapid earthquake alarm system and real-time automated action: Application of multi-agent hardware. Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 6(4), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seeq.2017.04.005

Hammad-u-Salam, M. (2018). Sensor-based survival detection system in earthquake disaster zones. International Journal of Wireless Sensor Networks, 10(2), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijwsn.2018.10204

Horowitz, P., & Hill, W. (2015). The art of electronics (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Jancy, R., Smitha, L., & Kavya, P. (2025). Home safety system with earthquake and fire detection. Journal of Smart Home Technologies, 11(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmt.2025.01.006

Kalita, S., Borole, J. N., & Rane, K. P. (2014). Wireless earthquake alarm system using ATmega328p, ADXL335 and XBee S2. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 12(3), 144–148. https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V12P227

Kamali, M. A., & Ma’ady, M. N. P. (2024). IoT-based flood disaster early detection system using hybrid fuzzy logic and neural networks. Journal of Flood Science and Technology, 9(2), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.5678/jfst.2024.0923

Kumar, P., & Hancke, G. P. (2014). Energy efficient environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 14(5), 1585–1592. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2014.2308880

Kumar, R., & Singh, P. (2018). Development of vibration-sensing devices with multi-sensory (auditory and tactile) alert systems for earthquake warning applications. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology.

Lee, S., Kim, J., Park, H., & Choi, Y. (2019). Smart IoT device for detecting and responding to earthquakes. Sensors, 19(18), 4005. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19184005

Merchant, M. (2016). Engineering design: Form, function, and efficiency. Design Science Publications.

Peng, X., Zhang, Y., Li, W., & Chen, Z. (2025). Earthquake early warning system EDAS-MAS: Integrated onsite prototype with P-wave detection. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 54(2), 134–149. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3456

Peng, X., et al. (2017). A new type of tri-axial accelerometers with MEMS for earthquake early warning. Computers & Geosciences, 100, 179–187.

Pascual, L. E., & Florencondia, N. T. (2021). Design and construction of gas fire alert system. Engineering and Technology Journal, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v6i2.01

Pramono, A., et al. (2019). Design of earthquake early warning system using Arduino and GSM module. International Journal of Engineering and Emerging Technologies.

Ratmini, Y., Atina, V., & Purwanto, E. (2021). Design and implementation of an IoT-based flood monitoring and early-warning system. Jurnal ITIKA, 7(1), 12–21. https://jurnal.asia.ac.id/index.php/jitika/article/view/1103

Reyes, J. A., Dizon, R. P., & Santos, M. C. (2019). Development of Arduino-based multi-sensor disaster monitoring system for community safety. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 8(6), 45–52.

Rezky Fadilah, Ruslan, & Al Imran. (2024). Development of Internet of Things (IoT)-based flood early warning tools. Journal of Emerging IoT Technologies, 5(1), 45–53. https://journal.unm.ac.id/index.php/JEENI/article/view/1508

Shelar, S., & Warake, P. (2025). Arduino-based earthquake detection system using the ADXL335 accelerometer. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.69369

Shinde, S. A., Bhavare, A. S., et al. (2025). LoRa & IoT based automatic disaster monitoring & alert system. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES), 13(2), 67–77. https://www.ijraset.com/research-paper/lora-and-iot-based-automatic-disaster-monitoring

Sianturi, I. I., Hamdani, D., & Risdianto, E. (2024). Design of an earthquake early warning system based on Arduino Uno microcontroller with MPU6050 sensor and NodeMCU ESP8266. Asian Journal of Science Education, 6(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.24815/ajse.v6i1.36114

Sneha, R., Nachiketan, R. N., Gayatri, G., Nagaraj, N., & Gunasekari, R. (2024). Arduino UNO-based earthquake detection system (AUEDS). International Conference on Recent Trends in Computing & Communication Technologies (ICRCCT’2K24).

Tewari, N., Khairnar, P., Salunke, D., Chavan, P., & Pabalkar, V. (2024). IoT based flood monitoring and alerting system. International Journal of Research in Science and Engineering, 11(3), 78–88. https://www.ijraset.com/research-paper/review-on-iot-based-flood-monitoring-and-alerting-system

Tung, K.-C., & Tung, P.-C. (2015). Earthquake detecting and warning device (U.S. Patent No. 7,006,000). United States Patent and Trademark Office. https://patents.google.com/patent/US7006000B2

United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2015). Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030. United Nations. https://www.undrr.org/publication/sendai-framework-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2023). Guidelines for effective early warning systems. United Nations. https://www.undrr.org/terminology/early-warning-system

Ulrich, K. T., & Eppinger, S. D. (2016). Product design and development (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Wallas, J. (2011). Engineered wood products and applications. Wood Technology Press.

Yanti, D., & Suprapto, S. (2020). Arduino-based earthquake alarm integrated with vibration sensors for real-time local alerts. Journal of Disaster Mitigation and Technology.

Zainal, Z. A., & Po’ad, F. A. (2024). Smart flood monitoring system via IoT platform for early warning of road closures against flood events. Journal of Smart City Technologies, 8(1), 33–44. https://penerbit.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/eeee/article/view/15334

Zeng, T., Zhang, B., Zheng, H., & Deng, J. (2014). Wireless earthquake alarm based on MEMS accelerometers (U.S. Patent No. 8,686,850). United States Patent and Trademark Office. https://patents.google.com/patent/US8686850B2

Zhang, H., Zhang, R., & Sun, J. (2023). Real-time IoT-based public safety alert system using edge computing and cloud integration. Scientific Reports, 13, 4567. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-13465-7