Authors

Emmanuel D. Miguel*
Teacher II/San Miguel Integrated School – Main, San Miguel, Ramon, Isabela, Philippines

Mario P. Tamana, EdD
Assistant Professor II/Isabela State University – Main Campus, San Fabian, Echague, Isabela, Philippines
Email: mario.p.tamana@isu.edu.ph

Abstract

This study examined how modern bayanihan, reflected in collective responsibility, mutual aid and cooperation, initiative and participation, and digital or online bayanihan, promotes civic engagement among Senior High School students in Ramon, Isabela. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used, integrating a descriptive correlational survey and thematic analysis of students’ open-ended responses. Through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed bilingual English–Filipino questionnaire that was expert-validated, pilot-tested, and administered using ethical procedures. Results showed that students were aware of modern bayanihan and civic engagement, with an overall awareness grand mean of 4.13, interpreted as “aware”. Modern bayanihan was often practiced across dimensions, particularly collective responsibility with a grand mean of 4.10 and mutual aid and cooperation with a grand mean of 4.04; online bayanihan was also practiced often with a grand mean of 3.60. Civic engagement outcomes were positive, with civic attitudes at 4.34 interpreted as “agree”, civic behaviors at 3.70 interpreted as “agree”, and online civic engagement at 3.67 interpreted as “agree”. Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant positive relationships between modern bayanihan and civic engagement across all dimensions, with the strongest link between collective responsibility and civic behaviors and a strong association between online bayanihan and online civic engagement. Qualitative findings indicated that empathy, moral responsibility, and fulfillment motivated participation, while time pressure, academic and household demands, limited resources, unequal digital access, unclear announcements, and credibility issues in online spaces constrained involvement. The study concludes that youth civic engagement can be strengthened through culturally grounded, feasible pathways that connect offline service with safe online coordination, verified communication, and supportive school and community structures.

Keywords: Modern bayanihan, civic engagement, senior high school students, collective responsibility, digital or online bayanihan, online civic engagement.

*Corresponding author/ Email: emmanuel.miguel @deped.gov.ph
DOI: http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS0502974

Recommended citation:
Miguel, E. D., & Tamana, M. P. (2026). Modern bayanihan in promoting civic engagement among senior high school students. Pantao (The International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences) 5 (2), 1223-1238. http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS0502974

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