Author
Yevgeny A. Lanoy*
Cebu Technological University – Main Campus/Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the relationship between population growth and unemployment in the municipality of San Miguel, Bohol, during the calendar year 2025–2026 as a basis for formulating an action plan. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study involved 205 randomly selected residents who responded to an adapted questionnaire. The data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, weighted means, standard deviation, and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were female, of prime working age, college-educated, and long-term residents. However, a significant portion were unemployed or underemployed, with most households earning a monthly income of PHP 10,000 and below. Respondents strongly agreed that population growth dimensions, particularly birth rate, migration rate, and immigration rate, significantly impact unemployment. They also strongly agreed that population growth negatively affects employment opportunities, education, and labor market competition. The test of the null hypothesis revealed a significant positive relationship between population growth and unemployment across all dimensions, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. The study concludes that population growth is significantly related to unemployment in San Miguel, Bohol, as increasing demographic pressures intensify competition for limited jobs, strain educational resources, and contribute to persistent underemployment. It is recommended that the Local Government Unit of San Miguel adopt the proposed action plan to mitigate these impacts through targeted employment programs, skills development initiatives, and strengthened population management strategies.

Keywords: Administration and supervision, population growth, unemployment, descriptive-correlation, action plan, San Miguel Bohol, Philippines.

*Corresponding author/ Email: yevlanoy@gmail.com
DOI: http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS0502955

Recommended citation:
Lanoy, Y. A. (2026). Examining the impact of population growth on unemployment towards sustainable livelihood opportunities. Pantao (The International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences) 5 (2), 1021-1039. http://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS0502955

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